Victor Hugo’s historical novel as ballet pantomime of Napierkowska and horror film, with Frollo as the villain in dark, flowing garb and Henry Krauss, Capellani’s actor colleague from the Théâtre Antoine, as Quasimodo. Hugo’s Notre-Dame de Paris – 1482 appeared in 1831, sparking a new fascination with the Middle Ages and interest in medieval monuments and especially, of course, in the Paris cathedral, which was restored in 1845-1856. The novel inspired architect and architectural restorer Viollet-le-Duc to embellish it in the manner of a fantasy film set, adding grotesque gargoyles to its roofs and balustrades.